Have you ever thought of how much you should invest in each stock in your portfolio – also called position sizing?
You can simply diversify your portfolio over 15 to 30 companies. To do this you divide the total amount you want to invest by that number and invest the same amount in each company.
But this approach has a problem…
You are not allocating money you are allocating risk
Think about it, with position sizing, you are not allocating money, you are allocating risk between the stocks in your portfolio.
Should you invest the same amount in a volatile (big up and down movements) stock as in a company with a stable share price?
Probably not.
Think of an investment in Nestle compared to very undervalued small cap company with problems.
The same investment gives you more risk
If you invest the same amount in each company you increase the risk in your portfolio to the most volatile companies.
For example, some stocks in your portfolio may move up and down by 0.3% per day while other companies may move up and down by over 3%. This means the profits (or losses) of your portfolio depends on the more volatile companies.
To give more stable companies a chance to give you the same return you should invest a bigger amount in them.
It is called risk parity
This idea is called risk parity – it means the position size of an investment is based on the volatility of the company’s stock price.
We call it Target Weight
In the Quant Investing stock screener we call risk parity position sizing Target Weight and it is simply the volatility adjusted recommended position size (in %) for a stock in your portfolio.
This is what it looks like:
Suggested position size (Target Weight) based on the stock’s volatility
How is Target Weight calculated?
Don’t worry about the calculations below - I included it here to show you exactly how risk parity works and how it is calculated.
In the Quant Investing stock screener this is all done for you, keep reading and I will show you:
- Where to find it
- How to use it in your portfolio.
To start using Target Weight in your portfolio now - Click here
This is the risk parity formula:
This is how risk parity is calculated.
Number of shares to buy = (Total capital you have to invest * Risk Factor) / ATR
Total capital you have to invest
Total capital you have to invest is simply the total amount you want to invest in the stock market, for example $100,000.
Risk Factor - We use 0.1%
Risk factor is an arbitrary number that you choose to determine the daily impact - percentage movement - of a stock in your portfolio.
For example, if you choose 0.003, then you are setting the daily movement impact of this stock on your portfolio of 0.3%.
This of course assumes that the Average True Range (ATR) (explained below) stays more or less the same as in the recent past.
The lower you set the Risk Factor, the smaller your investment in the stock will be.
Target Weight uses 0.1%
In the screener to calculate the target weight we use a risk factor of 0.001 or 0.1%
Average True Range - ATR - We use the past 100 trading days
Average True Range (ATR) is the average volatility of the company’s stock price measure as the maximum of the days move (high or low) compared to the previous day.
ATR is shown in the value of the stock’s price movements, for example $1.3 or €0.4.
In the screener we use the past 100 trading days (five months) to calculate the average True Range (ATR).
Target Weight example
Here is an example so you can see how Target Weight is calculated in the screener:
- Total capital you have to invest: €100,000
- Risk Factor: 0.001 (equals 0.1%)
- ATR of the stock: €1.10
- Current share price: €43.50
The number of shares you should buy is: (100,000 x 0.001)/1.10 = 91 shares
Value of the transaction = 91 shares x €43.50 = €3,959 or 3.96% (3,959/100,000) of your portfolio
Maximum position size of 7%
In the screener the position size or Target Weight varies from 0% to 7%.
We have limited the maximum position size to 7% or 15 positions.
We chose this number because 15 companies give you most of the benefits of diversification. This large position size of course only applies to the companies with the lowest volatility.
Please remember that the Target Weight is only a suggestion, you are free to use whatever weighting you feel comfortable in your portfolio.
To start using Target Weight in your portfolio now - Click here
But does it not changes all the time?
But the volatility of a stock changes all the time, you may be thinking.
That is correct and that is why the Target Weight changes on a daily basis. This however does not mean that you must change your position size all the time - that will cost too much in trading fees.
To keep trading costs low we suggest that you check your position size on a monthly basis and only trade if the Target weight has changed by more than a certain percent that you can set yourself, a change of 2% or more, for example.
This means if the Target Weight was 5% when you invested you will only adjust your investment in the stock if the Target Weight changes by more than 2%, to 3% for example. If this happens you sell until the company makes up only 3% of your portfolio.
If a stock price has a large movement in a day, for example more than 10% you may want to adjust your investment immediately as this move signals that something important has happened which makes an adjustment necessary.
Where can you find it?
In the stock screener the Target weight is available for more than 22,000 companies.
To see the Target Weight simply select it as an output column of your screen.
Click image to enlarge
How to select Target Weight as an output column
How to keep track of the Target weight for your whole portfolio?
As mentioned the Target Weight changes on a daily basis. To keep track of it (and all the other ratios for your portfolio) simply save watchlist of all the companies you want to track.
This is how you do it.
Create your watch lists
Watch lists are very easy to create.
Once you have logged into the screener click the My Watchlists button. Then click Create a Watchlist.
How to create a watchlist
Type in the name of the watch list you want to create and click the Save button.
How to save a watchlist
Add companies to your watch list
To add companies you first have to load your watch list. To do this click the My watchlists button then click Load a watchlist.
First you load your watchlist
Load a watch list by clicking the drop down list below the heading Select a watchlist, and then click on the watch list you want to add companies to.
How to select a watchlist
Once the watch list is loaded you can add companies by typing the name of the company in the block below the heading Add securities to the watch list.
As you type a list of company names will appear. To add the company simply click on the company name.
How to add a company to the watchlist
When you have added a company it will appear in the list below the search field.
Company successfully added to the watchlist
PS To get access to Target Weight position sizing on all the more than 22,000 companies included in the screener click here: Sign me up!
A subscription costs slightly more than €1 per day and has more than 110 ratios and indicators you can use to look for investment ideas.
PPS Why not sign up right now while it's still fresh in your mind?
To start using Target Weight in your portfolio now - Click here
